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Contents • Chapter 1 • Chapter 2 • Chapter 3 • Chapter 4 • Chapter 5 • References

APPENDIX A

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMED CONSENT

Text-Only, No Streaming Videos Treatment Group

The tutorial instructions and informed consent for both treatment groups contain identical text. Only the text used for Group 2, the streaming video treatment group, is presented in the interests of efficiency.

Streaming Videos Available Treatment Group

[This is a Web-based form]

Database Tutorial Group 2

Please enter the date:
 (if you are starting over, please enter an "X")

GROUP 2

[I give my consent and agree to participate button]

PLEASE PRESS ONLY ONCE
(unless you are starting over)

I DO NOT wish to participate.

Please take me to the University of Montevallo Home Page.

APPENDIX B

CRITERION-BASED ACCESS 2000 KNOWLEDGE PRE-TEST

Database Skills Pre-test

[This is a Web-based form]

On this page you will find six questions that will tell me a little bit about you, without identifying you exactly. After that, you will find 10 fill in the blank questions that are called a pre-test. Type in the answer to the question, and if you don't know it, you can guess or leave it blank. This pretest will only be used to see if one group learns more from the tutorial material than the other.

Please enter your group number
(1 or 2- from the instruction sheet. If you are starting over, please enter an "X")

Please tell us a little about yourself (the answers will be anonymous)

Please answer all questions as best you can. If you don't know an answer, you can guess or leave it blank.

Fill in the blank.

1. A question about your data is a .
2. can be used to enter data into your database and display this data for review.
3. A is an organized collection of data.
4. Two ways to enter data into a database are and .
5. A is made up of records, which contain information about a single item.
6. A record is made up of .
7. A printout of specific information you request is a .
8. A crosstab is the most widely used type of .
9. The two types of databases are and .
10. Information about a single item in a table is a .

[Submit and Go to the Tutorial! button]
PLEASE PRESS ONLY ONCE
(unless you are starting over)

APPENDIX C

ACCESS 2000 WEB-BASED TUTORIAL

Text-Only, No Streaming Videos Treatment Group

The text and still image Web-based tutorial and the streaming video enhanced Web-based tutorial contain identical text. Only the tutorial used for Group 2, the streaming video treatment group, is presented in the interests of efficiency.

 
Streaming Video Enhanced Treatment Group Tutorial

[This is a Web-based form]

DATABASE

Please read all the way to the bottom of the tutorial for instructions on what to do next.

Some tutorial sections have video example links. Click on the link & a video demonstration will pop-up.

You must have RealPlayer 7.0 or greater to play the clips.

If you don't have RealPlayer, go here to download it for free.

There have been few changes between Office 97 and Microsoft Office 2000, but remember that Office 97 cannot open an Office 2000 document in Access.

Introduction Video

What is a Database?

A database is an organized collection of data. Database programs enable you to put a collection of information into a specific order: alphabetical, numerical, chronological, or some combination of the three. There are two kinds of databases: flat file databases and relational database.

After you have a database with one or more tables, you can search for information with queries (questions) and can generate reports, all of which can be saved separately.
 

In Access, a database is comprised of one or more tables. A table has information stored in records. Records are comprised of fields.

What Are the Parts of a Database Program?

In Access, there are four main object types: tables, queries, forms, and reports.

What is a Table?

Each table contains information about one subject, such as class enrollment. One table might store student names and addresses while another stores test scores. Tables are made up of records, which contain all of the information about a single item, such as a student. Each record is broken into field. If you are working with a fully relational database that stores and retrieves information in more than one table, a form is better and more efficient because it links information stored in more than one table.

What is a Query?

A query is a question. Ask the queries you want and you can obtain selected data from one or more tables. The only parts of a query that Access stores are its design parameters. You can request data from several different sources for unique problems. There are a number of kinds of queries, such as simple ones that ask for names, or zip codes. In research, the crosstab query is used frequently, so you may want to experiment with this one more than others. For example, you may want to select on the basis of a variable (i.e., gender, ethnic classification, SES) to some other variable, such as achievement scores.

As in other cases, the Wizards simplify queries, although it is limited, but for certain specific research questions this may be all you need to use. The major queries in Wizard are:

·        Crosstab Query

·        Find Duplicates Query

·        Find Unmatched Query

·        Archive Query
 

To Create a Query Using Wizards:

1.   In the Database window, choose Query button.

2.      Choose New.

3.      Choose Query Wizards button.

4.      Follow the directions onscreen for the query you need.

Otherwise, you can design your own queries.

1.      In the Database window, choose Query button.

2.      Choose New.

3.      Choose New Query button and a Select Query window opens.

4.      Click the table containing the data you want, then choose the Add button. You can also double-click on the table. To select multiple tables, hold the <Ctrl> key and click on each table you want. Next choose the Add button and there will be a field list for each table you select in the query window.

5.      Choose the Close button.

The Query Design Window

Matching Fields and Linking Tables

Access automatically creates joins if two tables in your query have the same field name and data type. Or you can create these joins yourself. Lines linking the tables from the matching fields will appear in your Query Design Window. Access uses the symbol "1" for the primary or source table and the "[[infinity]]" symbol for the secondary side. This "one" to "many" relationship can be established between as few as two tables and as many as you want.

Learn to move, insert, delete, rename fields

What Are Forms?

In forms you can enter data into your database, display this data for review, and print it out. In Access you use a form to enter and edit data because you can enter information to be stored in more than one table on a single form. You can enter data using tables, but if you use Access often this can become a problem because of the total amount of data that may be repeated. If you find it easier to use tables for your dissertation or other project, then go ahead and do it.

Using forms is potentially difficult and complex, especially if you operate in Design View. For most purposes, it is best to use Wizards:

AutoForm: This form automatically displays every field in the underlying table. It is also accessible from the AutoForm button on the toolbar.

Single-Column: This form displays the values in one column with each field on a separate line.

Tabular: This form displays several records at the same time in rows and columns.

Main/Subform: A Main/Subform form shows a one-to-many relationship between the data in the main form and the data in the subform. The main form is in a single-column format, and the subform is in a datasheet format

Graph: This form displays the selected data as a graph by using Microsoft Graph

If you choose not to use the Form Wizards, then you will start with a blank form. You then need to place all of the desired fields on the form and decide what kinds of controls you need.

What is a Report?

A Report is a printout of specific information you request. Access has a Report Wizards.

Entering Data into an Access Database

There are two main ways to enter data into an Access database: tables or a form. In a table, the field name is at the top. On a form, the field name is at the of the field. When you have finished an entry, move to the next field by using <Tab>, the left arrow key, or your mouse.

Saving the New Record

Before you can exit, all fields must be used.

Printing from Your Database

You can print from any point in Access by using the Print button on the toolbar or Print from the File menu. When you print from a table, query, or form, you will print what appears on your screen.

Entering Expressions

Access gives you a great deal of flexibility in how you can enter expressions. To specify criteria as either a simple word, like Castro, or as a complex definition, "Between 500 And 1500," you can type the expression in the queries and filters.

Access uses Boolean operators to carry out its queries. You will usually base every select query on these And, Or, and Not operators. You may also use wildcards.

You can identify a range of records in an expression by using the Between . . . And operator or the comparison operators (<,>,<>,<=, and >=). The following examples show various operators.

EXPRESSION MEANING

>123 Numbers greater than 123

<123 Numbers less than 123

>="Castro" All text from Castro to the end of the alphabet

<="Castro" All text from the beginning of the alphabet to Castro

Between 10 And 20 All numbers from 10 to 20, inclusive

<>"Castro" All text before and after Castro

Like "Cas*" All text beginning with Cas

How to do it---

Step 2: Click on "File" and then on "Blank Database" and then click OK.

Step 3: You must now create your access file and name it. When you do this it must also be saved. Make sure you save it to your disk in the A drive (unless you are working on your own computer). Give the file a name, and then click on Create. (The database will have a name and the table you create will have a different name. Remember, the database is like a box and can hold several different tables.)

Step 4: At this screen you will select table to create your new table, and then click on New.

Step 5: You will now create your form to enter in the data. Choose datasheet view, then click OK.

Step 6: Your screen should look like this.

Now you may begin to enter your data and create your fields. Title field names by clicking in the gray areas field1, field2, etc... once you click you may type in a new field name. Then simply click in the square below the field name to enter the data.

Activity for Database

The following is a dinosaur database. If you follow these steps, you will learn how to setup a database in Access, how to name fields, and how to query the database. This is a database that has been used for years in a number of applications.

Be sure to do the exercise or you won't know how to do the databases. Do this one and the rest are easy!!!!!

Database Activity Introduction Video

The dinosaurs have names, ate certain kinds of food (meat or plants), lived on land and/or in water, either had claws or not, had two or four feet, and had armor or not. These categories---or fields---are our main interest. The first things we will be concerned with are the "Fields" of the database. In this case, the fields are:

Dinosaur, Food, Habitat, Claw, Feet, and Armor.

Data for Dinosaurs database FIELDS

How to do it---

Database Activity Part 1 Video

Step 1: Start Access, create a NEW Database, New TABLE and begin in a New Datasheet View. Next name your field names and enter the data, it should look like this.

Database Activity Part 2 Video

Step 2: The next step is to make sure each field is formatted correctly, text is text and numbers are formatted for numbers. You can also format for time, dates and currency. To do this, choose VIEW from your menu and click on "Design View" Your screen should look like this.

At this screen you can specify formatting for your fields. For example, here is what the screen will look like to format the field "feet" for numbers.

Step 3: Complete the table, as follows: When you are finished, choose View again and click on "Datasheet View" to return to your table.

Step 4: Continue until all your data has been entered into your fields. When you are finished your database table should look like this
 

Now your database is complete.

Sorting the Database

Sorting the Database Video

To begin a sort, under "Records" select "Sort” and you will get two options, A-Z, Z-A. This will sort your data both alphabetically and numerically, ascending or descending

Filtering the Database

Introduction to Database Filtering Video

A filter, sometimes called a query, is a method of selecting information in your database.

Step 1: To begin a filter, click under "Records" select "Filter, then Filter by Form"
and get this:

Database Filtering Part 2 Video

We are going to ask questions of the database. The first one is:

"What did dinosaurs who lived on land have in common?"

Step 2: To ask the question, we want to search the habitat field for dinosaurs who lived on land. To do this we enter the following in the space provided:

We can select "Habitat" by clicking. We type in the criterion, "land"—

Then we choose "apply filter/sort" from the Records menu, or you may click on this icon

 to apply the query: and we get this result:
 
 

By examining the results, we see that there were no real commonalties for these animals.

Step 3: Before entering our next question, we go to the Records menu and select "Remove Filter/Sort" so we can get all of them back. Now we are ready to enter another query.

Step 4: Select "Records" and "Filter and Filter by Form" again. We are going to ask, "What did dinosaurs who lived in water have in common?" We use a similar procedure as before, except that this time we put in "Water" instead of "Land" in the criteria cell. By applying the query  we get the following:
 

Upon examination, we see that dinosaurs who lived in water were vegetarians and had no armor.

Database Filtering Part 3 Video

Step 5: Next, we may be interested in seeing what animals with armor had in common, if anything. We select "Records" and "Filter and Filter by Form" and then enter a new question, as follows: Armor , and the answer is yes, will get these results
 

We can see that these animals were vegetarians and were four-legged creatures who lived on land.

And if we were to ask the question about animals with no claws:

We get this result.
 

Suppose a scientist found some "bones" in an area that was once an ocean bottom. He announces that this was a dinosaur, it had claws, and it lived in water. What could this animal be? What did it eat? Did it have armor? Using our database, we put in this query, using two questions:

Here is the answer---
 

Products: Go to streaming video/database measures to finish the tutorial.

APPENDIX D

STREAMING VIDEO BELIEFS SURVEY

Streaming Video Beliefs Survey

[This is a Web-based form]

Please type in your group number (required)
If you have started over, please enter an "X"

We would like to find out more about what you thought of the video examples. Please answer all questions honestly.

For each of the following 12 survey items, please click on the button that best describes you, or your belief about the item.

When finished answering all of the survey questions, please click on the "submit" button.

[Submit & Go To The Quiz! Button]

PLEASE PRESS ONLY ONCE
(unless you have started over)

 
APPENDIX E

CRITERION-BASED ACCESS 2000 KNOWLEDGE POST-TEST

DATABASE SKILLS POST-TEST

[This is a Web-based form]

Please answer all questions as best you can. Don't worry about wrong answers- they can't hurt your grade!

Please enter your group number
(1 or 2 - from the instruction sheet. If you have started over, please enter an "X")

Fill in the blank.

1. A question about your data is a .
2. A printout of specific information you request is a .
3. A is an organized collection of data.
4. Information about a single item in a table is a .
5. A is made up of records, which contain information about a single item.
6. The two types of databases are and .
7. can be used to enter data into your database and display this data for review.
8. A crosstab is the most widely used type of .
9. A record is made up of .
10. Two ways to enter data into a database are and .

[Submit to Finish The Tutorial button]

PLEASE PRESS ONLY ONCE
(unless you have started over)

APPENDIX F

INTERVIEW INFORMED CONSENT FORM

Web-Based Instruction Trial: Interviews

INFORMED CONSENT FOR INTERVIEWS

1. I have been informed of the procedures to be used in the interview. I understand that these interviews will be used to collect more information about beliefs related to the effectiveness of streaming video than can be gained from comparing test scores. I also understand that the interviews will also be used to uncover different beliefs and interpretations of the research data that may not otherwise be apparent in this exploratory study. I have been informed that interview questions will be open-ended and participation in the interview process will take approximately ten minutes.

2.      I understand that there are no known discomforts or risks to be expected from my participation in the interview.

3.      I also understand that participation in the interviews will not affect in any way my grade in this course.

4.      I understand that all information I provide will be completely confidential. I understand that the investigator will not refer to me by name at any time, and that no recording devices will be used in the interview to protect my anonymity.

5.      I understand that my participation is voluntary and that I may choose not to answer any questions that make me feel uncomfortable in any way.

6.      I have the opportunity to ask any questions about the use of the interviews, and that I may contact Jay Cofield (205-556-1744, address: Station 6625, Montevallo, AL, 35115, e-mail cofieldj@montevallo.edu) to further inquire about the study now or at a later date.

7. I give my consent to participate, and I understand that I am completely free to withdraw my consent and to discontinue my participation at any time and for any reason.

PLEASE NOTE: YOU MUST BE OVER 18 TO PARTICIPATE

NAME:__________________________DATE:___________________

APPENDIX G

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

Questions Asked Only To The Participants From The Streaming Video Treatment Group

1. Did the screen size of the video clips affect the way you felt about the streaming video clips?

2. Did the appearance of the video clips (the use of screen shots, pacing, & lighting) affect the way you felt about the video clips?

3.  Would you prefer to watch the whole tutorial using only streaming video clips? Why or why not?

4. Were the streaming video clips easy or hard to watch?

5. What were your favorite & least favorite elements of the streaming video clips?

6. Do you watch or listen to lots of streaming clips on the Internet? Why or why not?

7. Were the streaming video clips helpful in learning Microsoft Access? Why or why not?

8. Did you watch all of the streaming video clips available? Why or why not?

Questions Asked To Participants From Both Treatment Groups

 1. Do you feel that you were able to learn from the Web-based tutorial? Why or why not?

2. What do you think could be added or left out to improve the Web-based tutorial?

3. Based on your experience with this tutorial, would you like to take a course via the Internet? Why or why not?

4.  What did you like the most and also the least about the Web-based tutorial?

5.  Was the Web-based tutorial easy to use and understand?

 Questions Asked To The Subject Who Viewed Both Treatments

1.         Which version of the Web-based tutorial did you view first?

2.         Which version of the Web-based tutorial did you like better? Why?

3.         Do you feel the addition of the streaming video clips helped or hurt the tutorial? Why?

4.         Did the streaming video clips make the tutorial easier or harder to understand? Why?

5.         Would you prefer to watch the entire tutorial using only streaming video clips? Why or why not?

6.         Did your attitudes towards Web-based instruction change after viewing the tutorial the second time? Why or why not?

7.         Did the screen size of the streaming video clips affect the way you felt about the streaming video clips? Why or why not?

 
 APPENDIX H

SCRIPTS FOR STREAMING VIDEO CLIPS

Video and Audio Scripts for Streaming Video Clips

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